Library: Strings
Does not inherit
|
getline() operator!=() operator>>() |
operator>() operator>=() operator<<() |
operator<() operator<=() operator+() |
operator==() swap() |
A templatized class for handling sequences of character-like entities. string and wstring are specialized variations of basic_string for chars and wchar_ts, respectively.typedef basic_string <char> string;typedef basic_string <wchar_t> wstring;
#include <string>
namespace std {
template <class charT,
class traits = char_traits<charT>,
class Allocator = allocator<charT> >
class basic_string;
}
Class basic_string is a homogeneous collection of character-like entities that includes string functions such as compare(), append(), assign(), insert(), remove(), and replace(), along with various searches. The class also functions as an STL sequence container that provides random access iterators. This allows some of the generic algorithms to apply to strings.
Any underlying character-like type may be used as long as an appropriate char_traits class is included or the default traits class is applicable.
namespace std {
template <class charT,
class traits = char_traits<charT>,
class Allocator = allocator<charT> >
class basic_string {
public:
// Types
typedef traits traits_type;
typedef typename traits::char_type value_type;
typedef Allocator allocator_type;
typedef typename
Allocator::size_type size_type;
typedef typename
Allocator::difference_type difference_type;
typedef typename
Allocator::reference reference;
typedef typename
Allocator::const_reference const_reference;
typedef typename
Allocator::pointer pointer;
typedef typename
Allocator::const_pointer const_pointer;
typedef typename
Allocator::pointer iterator;
typedef typename
Allocator::const_pointer const_iterator;
typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>
const_reverse_iterator;
typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
static const size_type npos = -1;
// Constructors/Destructors
explicit basic_string(const Allocator& = Allocator());
basic_string(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&);
basic_string(const basic_string&, size_type,
size_type = npos,
const Allocator& a = Allocator());
basic_string(const charT*, size_type,
const Allocator& = Allocator());
basic_string(const charT*, const Allocator& = Allocator());
basic_string(size_type, charT,
const Allocator& = Allocator());
template <class InputIterator>
basic_string(InputIterator, InputIterator,
const Allocator& = Allocator());
~basic_string();
// Assignment operators
basic_string& operator=(const basic_string&);
basic_string& operator=(const charT*);
basic_string& operator=(charT);
// Iterators
iterator begin();
const_iterator begin() const;
iterator end();
const_iterator end() const;
reverse_iterator rbegin();
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;
reverse_iterator rend();
const_reverse_iterator rend() const;
// Capacity
size_type size() const;
size_type length() const;
size_type max_size() const;
void resize(size_type, charT);
void resize(size_type);
size_type capacity() const;
void reserve(size_type = 0);
void clear();
bool empty() const;
// Element access
const_reference operator[](size_type) const;
reference operator[](size_type);
const_reference at(size_type) const;
reference at(size_type);
// Modifiers
basic_string& operator+=(const basic_string&);
basic_string& operator+=(const charT*);
basic_string& operator+=(charT);
basic_string& append(const basic_string&);
basic_string& append(const basic_string&,
size_type, size_type);
basic_string& append(const charT*, size_type);
basic_string& append(const charT*);
basic_string& append(size_type, charT);
template<class InputIterator>
basic_string& append(InputIterator, InputIterator);
void push_back(charT);
basic_string& assign(const basic_string&);
basic_string& assign(const basic_string&,
size_type, size_type);
basic_string& assign(const charT*, size_type);
basic_string& assign(const charT*);
basic_string& assign(size_type, charT);
template<class InputIterator>
basic_string& assign(InputIterator, InputIterator);
basic_string& insert(size_type, const basic_string&);
basic_string& insert(size_type, const basic_string&,
size_type, size_type);
basic_string& insert(size_type, const charT*, size_type);
basic_string& insert(size_type, const charT*);
basic_string& insert(size_type, size_type, charT);
iterator insert(iterator, charT = charT());
void insert(iterator, size_type, charT);
template<class InputIterator>
void insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator);
basic_string& erase(size_type = 0, size_type= npos);
iterator erase(iterator);
iterator erase(iterator, iterator);
basic_string& replace(size_type, size_type,
const basic_string&);
basic_string& replace(size_type, size_type,
const basic_string&,
size_type, size_type);
basic_string& replace(size_type, size_type,
const charT*, size_type);
basic_string& replace(size_type, size_type,
const charT*);
basic_string& replace(size_type, size_type,
size_type, charT);
basic_string& replace(iterator, iterator,
const basic_string&);
basic_string& replace(iterator, iterator,
const charT*, size_type);
basic_string& replace(iterator, iterator,
const charT*);
basic_string& replace(iterator, iterator,
size_type, charT);
template<class InputIterator>
basic_string& replace(iterator, iterator,
InputIterator, InputIterator);
size_type copy(charT*, size_type, size_type = 0) const;
void swap(basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>&);
// String operations
const charT* c_str() const;
const charT* data() const;
allocator_type& get_allocator() const;
size_type find(const basic_string&,
size_type = 0) const;
size_type find(const charT*,
size_type, size_type) const;
size_type find(const charT*, size_type = 0) const;
size_type find(charT, size_type = 0) const;
size_type rfind(const basic_string&,
size_type = npos) const;
size_type rfind(const charT*,
size_type, size_type) const;
size_type rfind(const charT*,
size_type = npos) const;
size_type rfind(charT, size_type = npos) const;
size_type find_first_of(const basic_string&,
size_type = 0) const;
size_type find_first_of(const charT*,
size_type, size_type) const;
size_type find_first_of(const charT*,
size_type = 0) const;
size_type find_first_of(charT, size_type = 0) const;
size_type find_last_of(const basic_string&,
size_type = npos) const;
size_type find_last_of(const charT*,
size_type, size_type) const;
size_type find_last_of(const charT*, size_type = npos) const;
size_type find_last_of(charT, size_type = npos) const;
size_type find_first_not_of(const basic_string&,
size_type = 0) const;
size_type find_first_not_of(const charT*,
size_type, size_type) const;
size_type find_first_not_of(const charT*, size_type = 0)
const;
size_type find_first_not_of(charT, size_type = 0) const;
size_type find_last_not_of(const basic_string&,
size_type = npos) const;
size_type find_last_not_of(const charT*,
size_type, size_type) const;
size_type find_last_not_of(const charT*,
size_type = npos) const;
size_type find_last_not_of(charT, size_type = npos) const;
basic_string substr(size_type = 0, size_type = npos) const;
int compare(const basic_string&) const;
int compare(size_type, size_type, const basic_string&)
const;
int compare(size_type, size_type, const basic_string&,
size_type, size_type) const;
int compare(size_type, size_type, charT*) const;
int compare(charT*) const;
int compare(size_type, size_type, const charT*, size_type)
const;
};
// Nonmember Operators
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_string operator+(const basic_string&,
const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_string operator+(const charT*, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_string operator+(charT, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_string operator+(const basic_string&, const charT*);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_string operator+(const basic_string&, charT);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator==(const basic_string&, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator==(const charT*, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits , class Allocator>
bool operator==(const basic_string&, const charT*);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator<(const basic_string&, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator<(const charT*, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator<(const basic_string&, const charT*);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator!=(const basic_string&, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator!=(const charT*, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator!=(const basic_string&, const charT*);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator>(const basic_string&, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator>(const charT*, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator>(const basic_string&, const charT*);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator<=(const basic_string&, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator<=(const charT*, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator<=(const basic_string&, const charT*);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator>=(const basic_string&, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator>=(const charT*, const basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool operator>= (const basic_string&, const charT*);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
void swap(basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& a,
basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& b);
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_istream<charT, traits>& operator>>(istream&,
basic_string&);
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_ostream<charT, traits>& operator<<(ostream&,
const basic_string&);
template <class Stream, class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_istream<charT, traits>&
getline(Stream&, basic_string&, charT);
}
In all cases, the Allocator parameter is used for storage management.
explicit basic_string (const Allocator& a = Allocator());
The default constructor. Creates a basic_string with the following effects:
data() |
a non-null pointer that is copyable and can have 0 added to it |
size() |
0 |
capacity() |
an unspecified value |
basic_string (const basic_string<T, traits,
Allocator>& str);
Creates a string that is a copy of str.
basic_string (const basic_string& str, size_type pos,
size_type n= npos, const allocator&
a=allocator());
Creates a string of pos<=size() and determines length rlen of the initial string value as the smaller of n and str.size() - pos. This has the following effects:
data() |
points to the first element of an allocated copy of rlen elements of the string controlled by str beginning at position pos |
size() |
rlen |
capacity() |
a value at least as large as size() |
get_allocator() |
str.get_allocator() |
An out_of_range exception is thrown if pos > str.size().
basic_string (const charT* s, size_type n,
const Allocator& a = Allocator());
Creates a string that contains the first n characters of s. s must not be a NULL pointer. The effects of this constructor are:
data() |
points to the first element of an allocated copy of the array whose first element is pointed to by s |
size() |
n |
capacity() |
a value at least as large as size() |
A length_error exception is thrown if n == npos.
basic_string (const charT * s,
const Allocator& a = Allocator());
Constructs a string containing all characters in s up to, but not including, a traits::eos() character. s must not be a null pointer. The effects of this constructor are:
data() |
points to the first element of an allocated copy of the array whose first element is pointed to by s |
size() |
traits::length(s) |
capacity() |
a value at least as large as size() |
basic_string (size_type n, charT c,
const Allocator& a = Allocator());
Constructs a string containing n repetitions of c. A length_error exception is thrown if n == npos. The effects of this constructor are:
data() |
points to the first element of an allocated array of n elements, each storing the initial value c |
size() |
n |
capacity() |
a value at least as large as size() |
template <class InputIterator>
basic_string (InputIterator start, InputIterator finish,
const Allocator& a = Allocator());
Creates a basic_string of length finish - start filled with all values obtained by dereferencing the InputIterators on the range [start, finish). The effects of this constructor are:
data() |
points to the first element of an allocated copy of the elements in the range [start,finish) |
size() |
distance between start and finish |
capacity() |
a value at least as large as size() |
~basic_string ();
Releases any allocated memory for this basic_string.
basic_string& operator=(const basic_string& str);
Sets the contents of this string to be the same as str. The effects of operator= are:
data() |
points to the first element of an allocated copy of the array whose first element is pointed to by str.size() |
size() |
str.size() |
capacity() |
a value at least as large as size() |
basic_string& operator=(const charT * s);
Sets the contents of this string to be the same as s up to, but not including, the traits::eos() character.
basic_string& operator=(charT c);
Sets the contents of this string to be equal to the single charT c.
const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const; reference operator[](size_type pos);
If pos < size(), returns the element at position pos in this string. If pos == size(), the const variation returns charT(), the behavior of the non-const variation is undefined. The reference returned by either variation is invalidated by any call to c_str(), data(), or any non-const member function for the object.
basic_string& operator+=(const basic_string& s); basic_string& operator+=(const charT* s); basic_string& operator+=(charT c);
Concatenates a string onto the current contents of this string. The second member operator uses traits::length() to determine the number of elements from s to add. The third member operator adds the single character c. All return a reference to this string after completion.
iterator begin(); const_iterator begin() const;
Returns an iterator initialized to the first element of the string.
iterator end(); const_iterator end() const;
Returns an iterator initialized to the position after the last element of the string.
reverse_iterator rbegin(); const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;
Returns an iterator equivalent to reverse_iterator(end()).
reverse_iterator rend(); const_reverse_iterator rend() const;
Returns an iterator equivalent to reverse_iterator(begin()).
allocator_type get_allocator() const;
Returns a copy of the allocator used by self for storage management.
basic_string&
append(const basic_string& s, size_type pos,
size_type npos);
basic_string&
append(const basic_string& s);
basic_string&
append(const charT* s, size_type n);
basic_string&
append(const charT* s);
basic_string&
append(size_type n, charT c );
template<class InputIterator>
basic_string&
append(InputIterator start, InputIterator finish);
Appends another string to the end of this string.
The first variation appends the lesser of n and s.size() - pos characters of s, beginning at position pos, to this string. It throws an out_of_range exception if pos > str.size().
The second variation appends s as in append (s,0,npos).
The third variation appends n characters of the array pointed to by s.
The fourth variation appends elements from the array pointed to by s up to, but not including, the null character specified by charT().
The fifth variation appends n repetitions of c.
The final variation appends the elements specified in the range [start, finish).
All functions throw a length_error exception if the resulting lengths exceed max_size(). All return a reference to this string after completion.
void push_back(charT c);
Equivalent to append(static_cast<size_type>(1), c).
basic_string&
assign(const basic_string& s);
basic_string&
assign(const basic_string& s,
size_type pos, size_type n);
basic_string&
assign(const charT* s, size_type n);
basic_string&
assign(const charT* s);
basic_string&
assign(size_type n, charT c );
template<class InputIterator>
basic_string&
assign(InputIterator start, InputIterator finish);
Replaces the value of this string with the value of another. All variations of the function assign values to this string.
The first variation assigns the lesser of n and s.size() - pos characters of s, beginning at position pos. It throws an out_of_range exception if pos > str.size().
The second variation assigns s as if by assign(s,0,npos).
The third variation assigns n characters of the array pointed to by s.
The fourth variation assigns elements from the array pointed to by s up to, but not including, the null character specified by charT().
The fifth variation assigns one or n repetitions of c.
The final variation assigns the members specified by the range [start, finish).
All functions throw a length_error exception if the resulting lengths exceed max_size(). All return a reference to this string after completion.
const_reference at(size_type pos) const; reference at(size_type pos);
If pos < size(), returns the element at position pos in this string. Otherwise, throws an out_of_range exception.
size_type capacity() const;
Returns the current storage capacity of the string. This is guaranteed to be at least as large as size().
void clear();
Removes all elements in this string.
int compare(const basic_string& str) const;
Performs lexicographical comparison of elements controlled by *this against those controlled by str. Calls:
traits_type::compare(data(),
str.data(),
std::min(size(), str.size())
and returns the nonzero value if the function returns nonzero. Otherwise, returns:
<0 if size() < str.size() 0 if size() == str.size() >0 if size() > str.size()
int
compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1,
const basic_string& str) const;
int
compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1,
const basic_string& str,
size_type pos2, size_type n2) const;
int
compare(const char_type* s) const;
int
compare(size_type pos, size_type n1,
const char_type* s) const;
int
compare(size_type pos, size_type n1, const char_type* s,
size_type n2) const;
Returns the result of a lexicographical comparison between elements of this string and a given comparison string. The members return, respectively:
basic_string(*this,pos1,n1).compare(str)
basic_string(*this,pos1,n1).compare(basic_string
(str, pos2, n2))
*this.compare(basic_string(s))
basic_string(*this,pos,n1).compare(basic_string(s))
basic_string(*this,pos,n1).compare(basic_string(s,n2))
size_type copy(charT* s, size_type n, size_type pos = 0) const;
The lesser of n and size() - pos elements of this string, starting at position pos, are copied into the array pointed to by s. No terminating null is appended to s. An out_of_range exception is thrown if pos > size().
const charT* c_str() const; const charT* data() const;
Returns a pointer to the initial element of an array whose first size() elements are copies of the elements in this string. For the c_str() function, a charT() element is appended to the end. The elements of the array may not be altered, and the returned pointer is only valid until a non-const member function of this string is called. If size() is zero, the data() function returns a non-NULL pointer.
bool empty() const;
Returns size() == 0.
basic_string& erase(size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos); iterator erase(iterator p); iterator erase(iterator start, iterator finish);
This function removes elements from the string, collapsing the remaining elements, as necessary, to remove any space left empty. Returns a reference to the string after completion.
The first variation of the function removes the smaller of n and size() - pos starting at position pos. An out_of_range exception is thrown if pos > size().
For the second variation, p must be a valid iterator on the string, and the function removes the character referred to by p. The returned iterator refers to the element that preceded the first removed element, or end() if such an element does not exist.
For the last variation, both start and finish must be valid iterators on the string, and the function removes the characters defined by the range [start, finish). The returned iterator refers to the element that preceded the first removed element, or end() if such an element does not exist.
size_type find(const basic_string& str, size_type pos = 0) const;
Searches for the first occurrence of the substring specified by str in this string, starting at position pos. If found, it returns the index of the first character of the matching substring. If not found, returns npos. Equality is defined by traits::eq().
size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const; size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const; size_type find(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const;
Searches for the first sequence of characters in this string that match a specified string. The variations of this function return, respectively:
find(basic_string(s,n), pos) find(basic_string(s), pos) find(basic_string(1, c), pos)
size_type
find_first_not_of(const basic_string& str,
size_type pos = 0) const;
Searches for the first element of this string at or after position pos that is not equal to any element of str. If found, find_first_not_of() returns the index of the nonmatching character. If all the characters match, the function returns npos. Equality is defined by traits::eq().
size_type
find_first_not_of (const charT* s,
size_type pos, size_type n) const;
size_type
find_first_not_of (const charT* s,
size_type pos = 0) const;
size_type
find_first_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const;
Searches for the first element in this string at or after position pos that is not equal to any element of a given set of characters. The members return, respectively:
find_first_not_of(basic_string(s,n), pos) find_first_not_of(basic_string(s), pos) find_first_not_of(basic_string(1, c), pos)
size_type
find_first_of(const basic_string& str,
size_type pos = 0) const;
Searches for the first occurrence at or after position pos of any element of str in this string. If found, the index of this matching character is returned. If not found, npos is returned. Equality is defined by traits::eq().
size_type
find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos,
size_type n) const;
size_type
find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const;
size_type
find_first_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const;
Searches for the first occurrence in this string of any element in a specified string. The find_first_of() variations return, respectively:
find_first_of(basic_string(s,n), pos) find_first_of(basic_string(s), pos) find_first_of(basic_string(1, c), pos)
size_type
find_last_not_of(const basic_string& str,
size_type pos = npos) const;
Searches for the last element of this string at or before position pos that is not equal to any element of str. If find_last_not_of() finds a non-matching element, it returns the index of the character. If all the elements match, the function returns npos. Equality is defined by traits::eq().
size_type
find_last_not_of(const charT* s,
size_type pos, size_type n) const;
size_type
find_last_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const;
size_type
find_last_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const;
Searches for the last element in this string at or before position pos that is not equal to any element of a given set of characters. The members return, respectively:
find_last_not_of(basic_string(s,n), pos) find_last_not_of(basic_string(s), pos) find_last_not_of(basic_string(1, c), pos)
size_type
find_last_of(const basic_string& str,
size_type pos = npos) const;
Searches for the last occurrence of any element of str at or before position pos in this string. If found, find_last_of() returns the index of the matching character. If not found, find_last_of() returns npos. Equality is defined by traits::eq().
size_type
find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos,
size_type n) const;
size_type
find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const;
size_type
find_last_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const;
Searches for the last occurrence in this string of any element in a specified string. The members return, respectively:
find_last_of(basic_string(s,n), pos) find_last_of(basic_string(s), pos) find_last_of(basic_string(1, c), pos)
basic_string&
insert(size_type pos1, const basic_string& s);
basic_string&
insert(size_type pos, const basic_string& s,
size_type pos2 = 0, size_type n = npos);
basic_string&
insert(size_type pos, const charT* s, size_type n);
basic_string&
insert(size_type pos, const charT* s);
basic_string&
insert(size_type pos, size_type n, charT c);
Inserts additional elements at position pos in this string. All of the variants of this function throw an out_of_range exception if pos > size(). All variants also throw a length_error if the resulting strings exceed max_size(). Elements of this string are moved apart as necessary to accommodate the inserted elements. All return a reference to this string after completion.
The second variation inserts the lesser of n and s.size() - pos2 characters of s, beginning at position pos2 in this string. This variation throws an out_of_range exception if pos2 > s.size().
The third variation inserts n characters of the array pointed to by s.
The fourth variation inserts elements from the array pointed to by s up to, but not including, the null character specified by charT().
The fifth variation inserts n repetitions of c.
iterator insert(iterator p, charT); void insert(iterator p, size_type n, charT c); template<class InputIterator> void insert(iterator p, InputIterator start, InputIterator finish);
Inserts additional elements in this string immediately before the character referred to by p. All of these variations of insert() require that p is a valid iterator on this string.
The first variation inserts a copy of c, and returns an iterator that refers to the new character in this string.
The second variation inserts n repetitions of c.
The third variation inserts characters in the range [start, finish).
size_type length() const;
Returns the number of elements contained in this string.
size_type max_size() const;
Returns the maximum possible size of the string.
size_type rfind(const basic_string& str, size_type pos = npos) const;
Searches for the last occurrence of the substring specified by str in the string, where the index of the first character of the substring is less than pos. If found, the index of the first character that matches substring is returned. If not found, npos is returned. Equality is defined by traits::eq().
size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const; size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const; size_type rfind(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const;
Searches for the last sequence of characters in this string matching a specified string. The rfind variations return, respectively:
rfind(basic_string(s,n), pos) rfind(basic_string(s), pos) rfind(basic_string(1, c), pos)
basic_string&
replace(size_type pos, size_type n1, const basic_string& s);
basic_string&
replace(size_type pos1, size_type n1,
const basic_string& str,
size_type pos2, size_type n2);
basic_string&
replace(size_type pos, size_type n1, const charT* s,
size_type n2);
basic_string&
replace(size_type pos, size_type n1, const charT* s);
basic_string&
replace(size_type pos, size_type n1, size_type n2, charT c);
The replace() function replaces selected elements of this string with an alternate set of elements. All of these variations insert the new elements in place of n1 elements in this string, starting at position pos. They each throw an out_of_range exception if pos1 > size() and a length_error exception if the resulting string size exceeds max_size().
The second variation replaces elements of the original string with n2 characters from string s starting at position pos2. It throws the out_of_range exception if pos2 > s.size().
The third variation of the function replaces elements in the original string with n2 elements from the array pointed to by s.
The fourth variation replaces elements in the string with elements from the array pointed to by s, up to, but not including, the null character specified by charT().
The fifth variation replaces n elements with n2 repetitions of character c.
basic_string&
replace(iterator i1, iterator i2,
const basic_string& str);
basic_string&
replace(iterator i1, iterator i2, const charT* s,
size_type n);
basic_string&
replace(iterator i1, iterator i2, const charT* s);
basic_string&
replace(iterator i1, iterator i2, size_type n,
charT c);
template<class InputIterator>
basic_string&
replace(iterator i1, iterator i2,
InputIterator j1, InputIterator j2);
Replaces selected elements of this string with an alternative set of elements. All of these variations of replace require iterators i1 and i2 to be valid iterators on this string. The elements specified by the range [i1, i2) are replaced by the new elements.
The first variation replaces all members in str.
The second variation starts at position i1, and replaces the next n characters with n characters of the array pointed to by s.
The third variation replaces string elements with elements from the array pointed to by s up to, but not including, a charT() character.
The fourth variation replaces string elements with n repetitions of c.
The last variation replaces string elements with the members specified in the range [j1, j2).
void reserve(size_type res_arg=0);
Assures that the storage capacity is at least res_arg. Throws a length_error exception if res_arg > max_size().
void resize(size_type n, charT c); void resize(size_type n);
Changes the capacity of this string to n. If the new capacity is smaller than the current size of the string, then the string is truncated. If the capacity is larger, then the string is padded with c characters. The latter resize() member pads the string with default characters specified by charT(). Throws a length_error exception if n > max_size().
size type size()const;
Returns the number of elements contained in this string.
basic_string substr(size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos) const;
Returns a string composed of copies of the lesser of n and size() - pos characters in this string starting at index pos. Throws an out_of_range exception if pos > size().
void swap(basic_string& s);
Swaps the contents of this string with the contents of s.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits allocator> operator+(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs);
Returns a string of length lhs.size() + rhs.size(), where the first lhs.size() elements are copies of the elements of lhs, and the next rhs.size() elements are copies of the elements of rhs.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits allocator> operator+(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits allocator> operator+(charT lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> & rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits allocator> operator+(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const charT* rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> basic_string<charT, traits allocator> operator+(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, charT rhs);
Returns a string that represents the concatenation of two string-like entities. These functions return, respectively:
basic_string(lhs) + rhs basic_string(1, lhs) + rhs lhs + basic_string(rhs) lhs + basic_string(1, rhs)
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool
operator==(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs,
const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs);
Returns a boolean value of true if lhs and rhs are equal, and false if they are not. Equality is defined by the compare() member function.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator==(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator==(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const charT* rhs);
Returns a boolean value indicating whether lhs and rhs are equal. Equality is defined by the compare() member function. These functions return, respectively:
basic_string(lhs) == rhs lhs == basic_string(rhs)
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool
operator!=(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs,
const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the inequality of lhs and rhs. Inequality is defined by the compare() member function.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator!=(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator!=(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const charT* rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the inequality of lhs and rhs. Inequality is defined by the compare() member function. The functions return, respectively:
basic_string(lhs) != rhs lhs != basic_string(rhs)
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical less-than relationship of lhs and rhs. Less-than is defined by the compare() member.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const charT* rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical less-than relationship of lhs and rhs. Less-than is defined by the compare() member function. These functions return, respectively:
basic_string(lhs) < rhs lhs < basic_string(rhs)
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical greater-than relationship of lhs and rhs. Greater-than is defined by the compare() member function.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const charT* rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical greater-than relationship of lhs and rhs. Greater-than is defined by the compare() member. The functions return, respectively:
basic_string(lhs) > rhs lhs > basic_string(rhs)
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool
operator<=(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs,
const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical less-than-or-equal relationship of lhs and rhs. Less-than-or-equal is defined by the compare() member function.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<=(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator<=(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const charT* rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical less-than-or-equal relationship of lhs and rhs. Less-than-or-equal is defined by the compare() member function. These functions return, respectively:
basic_string(lhs) <= rhs lhs <= basic_string(rhs)
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
bool
operator>=(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs,
const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical greater-than-or-equal relationship of lhs and rhs. Greater-than-or-equal is defined by the compare() member function.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>=(const charT* lhs, const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &rhs); template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator> bool operator>=(const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &lhs, const charT* rhs);
Returns a boolean value representing the lexicographical greater-than-or-equal relationship of lhs and rhs. Greater-than-or-equal is defined by the compare() member. The functions return, respectively:
basic_string(lhs) >= rhs lhs >= basic_string(rhs)
template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
void swap(basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& a,
basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& b);
Swaps the contents of a and b by calling a's swap function on b.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_istream<charT, traits>&
operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &str);
All elements read from the stream is, except the delimiter, are placed in str. After the read, the function returns is.
template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
operator<<(basic_ostream <charT, traits>& os,
const basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &str);
Writes all elements of str to os in order from first to last. After the write, the function returns os.
template <class Stream, class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
basic_istream<charT, traits>&
getline(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
basic_string<charT, traits allocator> &str, charT delim);
An unformatted input function that extracts characters from is into str until npos - 1 characters are read, the end of the input sequence is reached, or the character read is delim.
//
// string.cpp
//
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
int main ()
{
#ifndef _RWSTD_NO_NAMESPACE
using namespace std;
#endif
string test;
// Type in a string over five characters long.
while (test.empty() || test.size() < 5)
{
cout << "Type a string between 5 and 100 characters long. "
<< endl;
cin >> test;
}
// Try operator[] access.
cout << "Changing the third character from " << test[2]
<< " to * " << endl;
test[2] = '*';
cout << "now it's: " << test << endl << endl;
// Try the insertion member function.
test.insert(test.size() / 2, "(the middle is here!)");
cout << "Identifying the middle: " << test << endl << endl;
// Try replacement.
test.replace(test.find("middle",0), 6, "center");
cout << "I didn't like the word 'middle', so instead, "
<< "I'll say: " << endl << test << endl;
return 0;
}
Program output:
Type a string between 5 and 100 characters long. roguewave Changing the third character from g to * now its: ro*uewave Identifying the middle: ro*u(the middle is here!)ewave I didn't like the word 'middle', so instead, I'll say: ro*u(the center is here!)ewave
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 -- International Standard for Information Systems -- Programming Language C++, Section 21.3